ANALISIS KONSTRUKSI BADAN DAN ATAP RUMAH ADAT TORAJA

Abstract

The Tongkonan house building is one of many buildings in the archipelago that has a unique shape, structure, and construction. The Tongkonan house located in South Sulawesi is a heritage of traditional architecture built with the primary material of wood and without the use of nails. The structure of the Tongkonan house relies only on joint connections called 'pasak' or 'siamma'' and special binding techniques. This traditional house differs from other traditional houses in terms of structural systems, making Tongkonan very interesting as a research object. Along with the development of the times, it is important to study and analyze the structure of the Tongkonan house to enhance its resistance to the loads that occur on this building.

              This research examines the strength and stability of the Toraja traditional house structure, or Tongkonan, by combining an analysis of two main components: the body of the house (kale banua) and the roof framework.

              The method used is a quantitative method. The samples in this study are two, namely Tongkonan Pamakka and Tongkonan Rante. Data collection techniques include literature review, field observation, and interviews, with structural analysis using SAP2000 software.

               The results of structural modeling analysis on the body of the house (kale banua) show that Tongkonan I is more resistant to shear and axial loads, with a compressive axial value of -452.58 kN, a tensile axial value of 98.14 kN, a shear value to the left of -152.06 kNm3, and a shear value to the right of 148.64 kNm3. Meanwhile, Tongkonan II has a compressive axial value of -452.47 kN, a tensile axial value of 55.83 kN, a shear value to the left of -99.83 kNm3, and a shear value to the right of 102.41 kNm3 The results of the structural modeling analysis on the roof frame indicate that Tongkonan II is more resistant to shear and axial loads, with a compressive force of -1,671,710.2 kN, and a tensile force of 1,281,587.2 kN. The moment values include a left moment of -207,699.15 Nm and a right moment of 895.54 Nm. The shear values show a left shear of -25,100.8 kNm3 and a right shear of 4,554.2 kNm3. Meanwhile, for Tongkonan II, the axial values include a compressive force of -2,170,250.57 kN and a tensile force of 2,120,671.2 kN. The moment values consist of a left moment of -4,186,685.45 Nm and a right moment of 1,917,066.71 Nm. The shear values show a left shear of -203,587.84 kNm3 and a right shear of 1,030,319.19 kNm3.

Keywords: Toraja Traditional House, Roof Frame, Body of the House, Structural Analysis, Wooden Structure, SAP2000.